西夏遗珍（三）挖足过肩

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　　西夏瓷器中的碗、盘、钵等圈足器均挖足较深(俗称“挖足过肩”)，器壁近底处较厚，近口处较薄，底则更薄，这是因为碗、盘等主要用顶碗覆烧法烧制而造成的。顶碗覆烧法支撑点在圈足部，为了能撑住整个坯体，不至于坯体变形，所以近底处的器壁是最厚的地方；同时，为了减轻坯体的压力，近口处器壁略薄，器底最薄。器物外壁多挂半釉，施釉较薄。白釉碗、盘内底有沙圈，其他釉色则为涩圈。白釉瓷和剔刻花瓷在西夏瓷器中最具特色，西夏瓷胎色多呈灰白色或浅黄色，故白釉瓷均施化妆土，盖住胎色，然后挂釉。在宁夏灵武崇兴乡西夏窖藏中出土的112件西夏瓷，器物多为白釉瓷，有白瓷碗、白瓷盘和白瓷碟等，内壁光滑，外壁较粗糙，胎细壁薄，很有代表性。剔刻花瓷的剔刻花纹一般采用开光构图，巧妙地处理了局部与整体的关系，使主题纹饰和地纹主次分明，疏密有序，能产生强烈的艺术感。

责任编辑：花儿娜泽

西夏遗珍（三）挖足过肩

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